AN ALTERNATIVE FOR VALORIZATION OF WASTES AS ENERGY SOURCE
1 National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies - ICSI Rm. Valcea, Uzinei Street no. 4, PO Box Râureni 7, 240050, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
2 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 7-9 I. Ratiu Street, 550012 Sibiu, Romania
*Corresponding author: Roxana Elena Ionete, E-mail: roxana.ionete@icsi.ro
Received 13 April 2021; Received in revised form 5 July 2021; Accepted 14 July 2021; Available online 9 November 2021Abstract
The efficient use of renewable energy resources is one of the most important elements of energy sustainability at the European Union level. The growing demand for energy will continue to support the use of other materials as resources of energy than conventional ones, coal, crude oil and natural gas. This paper investigates the feasibility of valorizing wastes with energetic potential in a multi-component alternative solid fuel. Biomass - vegetable waste (BW), meat and bone meal (MBM) and slag/bottom ash from lignite combustion, in combination with a low-rank, lignite, was used to prepare tri-component mixtures (MBM+Lignite +Slag and MBM+BW+Lignite) indifferent variable proportions, and further characterized to assess their potential for use as energy source. The thermal behavior of the mixtures was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis; the resulting ashes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Also, the environmental impact as emissions level after their combustion was considered. In terms of an effective way of removing wastes (e.g. slag/bottom ash and MBM), the most promising proposed solid mixture was the combination MBM(50%): Lignite(25%): Slag (25%), with a high energetic value, > 2700 kcal/kg, a volatile matter content > 35 %wt, and the ash in half amount compared to its initial mass. Thestudy’s findings illustrate the possibility of turning solid waste to raw material by converting them into energy, and promote the development of long-term waste management and recovery solutions.
References
Meat and bone meal as a renewable energy source in cement kilns: Investigation of optimum feeding rate.
In International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality – ICREPQ’11, Spain. RE&PQJ, 1(9), 1244-1249.
2. Asl S.M.H., Ghad, A., Baei M.S., Javadian H., Maghsudi M., Kazemian H., 2018
Porous catalysts fabricated from coal fly ash as cost-effective alternatives for industrial applications: a review.
Fuel, 217: 320-342.
3. Van den Berg M. et al., 2016
The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.
Toxicol Sciences, 93:223-241.
4. Bilandzija N., Voca N., Jelcic B., Jurisic V., Matin A., Grubor M., Kricka T., 2018
Evaluation of Croatian agricultural solid biomass energy potential.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 93:225-230.
5. Constantinescu M., Bucura F., Ionete R.E., Zaharioiu A., Ciucure C., Oancea S., 2017
Sewage sludge eliminating by capitalizing on its energy potential.
International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM: Surveying Geology & mining Ecology Management, 17:767-774.
6. Constantinescu M., Oancea S., Bucura F., Ciucure C., Ionete R.E., 2018
Evaluation of the fuel potential of sewage sludge mixtures with beech sawdust and lignite.
Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,10(5): 053106.
7. Council Decision of 27 June 1994.
Ban on the use of proteins derived from mammalian tissues for feeding ruminants (94/381/EC).
8. Delreux T., Happaerts S., 2016
Environmental Policy and Politics in the European Union;
Macmillan International Higher Education.
9. Di Fraia S., Massarotti N., Prati M.V., Vanoli L., 2020
A new example of circular economy: Waste vegetable oil for cogeneration in wastewater treatment plants.
Energy Conversion and Management, 211:112763.
10. McDonnell K., Cummins E.J., Fagan C.C., Orjala M., 2010
Co-fuelling of peat with meat and bone meal in a pilot scale bubbling bed reactor.
Energies, 3(7):1369-1382.
11. EPA - Method 8280B: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/Low-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRGC/LRMS); https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-test-method-8280b-polychlorinated-dibenzo-p-dioxins-pcdds-and-polychlorinated
12. Gulyurtlu I., Boavida D., Abelha P., Lopes M.H., Cabrita I., 2005
Co-combustion of coal and meat and bone meal.
Fuel, 84(17):2137-2148.
13. Ionete R.E., Ionete E.I., Spiridon S.I., Constantinescu M., 2018
Patent RO132880 A0: Solar dryer with humidity extractor (in Romanian),
Buletin Oficial de Proprietate Industriala (BOPI) 10: 31-32.
14. Jatav P.P., Tajane S.P., Mandavgane S.A., Gaidhani S.B., 2019
A process of carbon enrichment of bottom slag ash for value-added applications.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 21(3): 539-546.
15. Kakaras, E., 2000
Low emission co-combustion of different waste wood species and lignite derived products in industrial power plants.
Proceedings of the XXXII Krafwerkstechnisches Colloquium: Nutzung Schwieriger Brennstoffe in Kraftwerken, Dresden, Germany, 24-25 October 2000, pp. 37-46.
16. Kazagic A., Hodzic N., Metovic S., 2018
Co-combustion of low-rank coal with woody biomass and miscanthus: An experimental study.
Energies, 11(3):601.
17. Lei K., Ye B., Cao J., Zhang R., Liu D., 2017
Combustion Characteristics of Single Particles from Bituminous Coal and Pine Sawdust in O2/N2, O2/CO2, and O2/H2O Atmospheres.
Energies 10:1695.
18. Magdziarz A., Wilk M., 2013
Thermal characteristics of the combustion process of biomass and sewage sludge.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 114(2):519-529.
19. Ordin MAPP nr. 756 pentru aprobarea Reglementarii privind evaluarea poluarii mediului, Monitorul Oficial 303 bis, 1997.
20. Perera A.T.D., Attalage R.A., Perera K.K.C.K., Dassanayake V.P.C., 2013
Designing standalone hybrid energy systems minimizing initial investment, life cycle cost and pollutant emission.
Energy, 54: 220-230.
21. Petreanu I., Ebrasu D., Sisu C., Varlam M., 2012
Thermal analysis of sulfonated polymers tested as polymer electrolyte membrane for PEM fuel cells.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 110(1):335-339.
22. Rybak W., Moroń W., Czajka K.M., Kisiela A.M., Ferens W., Jodkowski W., Andryjowicz C., 2017
Co-combustion of unburned carbon separated from lignite fly ash.
Energy Procedia, 120: 197-205.
23. Safe, S.H., 1998
Hazard and Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures Using the Toxic Equivalency Factor Approach.
Environ Health Perspect, 106(S4):1051-1058.
24. Solid biofuels. Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Instrumental methods. BS EN 15104:2011.
25. Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen in Analysis Samples of Coal and Carbon in Analysis Samples of Coal and Coke. ASTM D5373 - 16.
26. Vamvuka D., Papas M., Alloimonos N., Kapenekaki M., 2017
Evaluation of meat and bone meal as a secondary fuel with olive byproducts in a fluidized bed unit. Performance and environmental impact of ashes.
Energy & Fuels, 31(7):7214-7222.
27. Vremera R., Costinel D., Ionete R.E., Titescu G., 2011
Overview on dioxins and furans atmospheric emissions in Romania.
Environmental Engineering & Management Journal, 10(2):241-250.
28. Wang S., Pavuluri C.M., Ren L., Fu P., Zhang Y.L., Liu C.Q., 2018
Implications for biomass/coal combustion emissions and secondary formation of carbonaceous aerosols in North China.
RSC Advances, 8(66):38108-38117.
29. Yilmaz E., Wzorek M., Akcay S., 2018
Co-pelletization of sewage sludge and agricultural wastes.
Journal of Environmental Management, 216:169-175.
30. * * * Transelectrica report, 2019
http://www.transelectrica.ro. (accessed in december 2019).
Keywords
Alternative Fuel; Biomass; Meat and bone meal; slag/bottom ash from lignite combustion; Valorization of waste
Tag search Alternative Fuel Biomass Meat bone meal slagbottom ash from lignite combustion Valorization of waste
ARCHIVE
ISSN 1582-2575
Show more...